GPA vs CGPA vs SGPA

These terms all describe grade-point averages, but they are not interchangeable. Schools and universities can define them differently, so the safest approach is to learn the common meaning and then check your institution's grading policy.

What is GPA?

GPA means Grade Point Average. It can describe an average over a term, selected courses or a larger set of results. Many systems use a 4.0 scale, while others use a different maximum.

What is SGPA?

SGPA usually means Semester Grade Point Average. It represents performance for one semester or academic term, often using course credits.

What is CGPA?

CGPA means Cumulative Grade Point Average. It usually summarizes grade-point performance across multiple semesters or a longer period of study.

Why credits matter

If courses have different credit values, a weighted average is often used:

Average = Σ(grade point × credits) ÷ Σ credits.

When every course carries the same credit value, the weighted and simple averages are the same.

GPA scale vs CGPA scale

A 3.7 on a 4.0 scale and an 8.7 on a 10-point scale are not directly comparable numbers. Always check the maximum and the conversion rules before comparing students or institutions.

CGPA to percentage

There is no universal multiplier. Some systems publish one conversion formula, while others use a different rule or do not define a direct percentage equivalent. Use the formula specified by the relevant school, board or university.

Which StudyMetric tool should I use?

Common mistakes

Mixing a 4.0 scale with a 10-point scale.
Ignoring course credits when the official formula is weighted.
Assuming SGPA and CGPA are calculated over the same time period.
Treating a generic percentage conversion as an official transcript calculation.